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This Blog is related to blogger's academic life specially related with his research field (Computational Sanskrit & Kashmir Shavism). It explores Computaional aspects of Sanskrit and also the theology, philosophy and tradition from the viewpoint of various schools, texts, and teachers of Kashmir Shaiva Philosophy.It contains the comparative cosmological views of Sankhya & KS. This blog also reflects the blogger's personal experience with
other field of his academic life. Creative Commons License All original writings (articles etc.) on this site are copyrighted and licensed (does not apply to translations) by BIPIN JHA under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 India License. Based on a work at bipinkumarjha.blogspot.com. Kindly CONTACT for permission if you wish to extract writings from this site. Feel free to link to individual posts. VISIT BIPIN KUMAR JHA's HOME PAGE

Saturday, 4 December 2010

गृह मंत्रालय_भारत_Imp sites


Who is the GAZETTED OFFICER OF INDIA

This is a collection of answers-

All India services, though posted to states; promotees from states to the cadre of Assistant Commissioner and above and to the cadre of All India services ; Police officers of Circle Inspector and above; Additional District Civil surgeons, Executive Engineers and above, District Medical Officer and above, Indian Defence Tri-Services Lt(Indian Army) and equivalent,Indian Army Subedar and Subedar major(but not their equivalent in other services),Principals of Government colleges and above, Readers and above of Universities, etc.
Nationalised bank officials are not gazetted officers but protocol ranks exist.
Among the powers and responsibilities of a Gazetted Officer, are the certifications and authentification of photo copies etc. That's why we go to them for attesting our copies where they actually have to see an original of that and certify that the copy is the actual copy of the original as seen by them.
____________________________________

2

All India services, though posted to states; promotees from states to the cadre of Assistant Commissioner and above and to the cadre of All India services ; Police officers of Circle Inspector and above; Additional District Civil surgeons, Executive Engineers and above, District Medical Officer and above, Indian Defence Tri-Services Lt(Indian Army) and equivalent,Indian Army Subedar and Subedar major(but not their equivalent in other services),Principals of Government colleges and above, Readers and above of Universities, etc.
Nationalised bank officials are not gazetted officers but protocol ranks exist.
Among the powers and responsibilities of a Gazetted Officer, are the certifications and authentification of photo copies etc. That's why we go to them for attesting our copies where they actually have to see an original of that and certify that the copy is the actual copy of the original as seen by them.
____________________________________________________________

3

In India, Gazette is published on regular bases, it is a official Central Government Publication(nicked name Gazette). It publishes the promotions of of certain government official.

If a person's name is published in the Gazette, he/she is called Gazetted, in most cases they are honorary Justice of peace and have same standing as some of the Magistrates. This is why their signatures on certain document are recognised.

Arm forces of India have two category, Senior commissioned officers and Junior Commissioned officer.

I believe at one time both were published in the Gazette.

Senior commissioned officers have/had same standing as civilian gazetted officers. They are in the Gazette also.

Only Government officials are in the Gazette.

Principals are not in the Gazette in most part. Exception are the school or colleges run by the Government of India. I do not know of any at this time.

Principals are included by admitting colleges, to ease the burden of proof, to the students.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

4

Gazette means news paper that owned and published by the Govt. Of.India. Gazetted officer means the name of the Post that are published in the news paper is known as Gazetted officer.

_________________________________________________________


5

A gazetted officer is that person, who is authenticated or 
recognised of their service by state govt or central govt 
like: Doctor, Police officer, IAS, OAS, Collector, Head 
Master of school, Principal of collecge, Lecture or 

professor of College or University, MP, MLA, DSWO, 
Scientist service for govt., Research person of Govt. Else 
than no one can not issue this or issue is not valid in any 
_______________________________________


6

who,s name published in gazette list of state and central 
government employes and registered doctors, public 

_______________________________________________________
7

MEO,MDO,govt. Doctors,High school HM.....

___________________________________________________

8

servervents MLA,MP,Police Inspectors.
purpose.


8


First of all a gazetted officer must be a government official.

In India, a official Central Government Publication named Gazette publishes the promotions of certain government official. Those officers whose name appears in Gazette are termed as Gazetted Officers.

Indian Govt has employees classified as class 1 to class 4. All class 1 employees are Gazetted officers.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
9


An officer who is appointed under the seal of the governor at the state level & the President under the national level, & whose appointed requires to be and is notified in the Indian Gazzette or the state governmenmt gazzette is termed as a gazzetted officer.
 


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
10

All A,B, C officers in India Government service and in State government service also any officer scale 1 and above in Union Government owned banks who's name is notified in the Gazette extraordinaire by the respective governments is termed as gazetted officers.

In police : officers from Inspector and above but for Passport related issues SP and above, DC IT etc.

In Army: Lieutenant and above commissioned officers in Triservices.


=============================================================

11

Class 1 employee examples are:

All India services, though posted to states; promotees from states to the cadre of Assistant Commissioner and above and to the cadre of All India services ; Police officers of Circle Inspector and above; Additional District Civil surgeons, Executive Engineers and above, District Medical Officer and above, Lt.Col. and above, Principals of Government colleges and above, Readers and above of Universities, etc.

So, these officers can attest a photo, xerox of certificates etc.

Apart from them a Public Notary, Magistrate can attest also.

Who is the GAZETTED OFFICER OF INDIA

This is a collection of answers-

All India services, though posted to states; promotees from states to the cadre of Assistant Commissioner and above and to the cadre of All India services ; Police officers of Circle Inspector and above; Additional District Civil surgeons, Executive Engineers and above, District Medical Officer and above, Indian Defence Tri-Services Lt(Indian Army) and equivalent,Indian Army Subedar and Subedar major(but not their equivalent in other services),Principals of Government colleges and above, Readers and above of Universities, etc.
Nationalised bank officials are not gazetted officers but protocol ranks exist.
Among the powers and responsibilities of a Gazetted Officer, are the certifications and authentification of photo copies etc. That's why we go to them for attesting our copies where they actually have to see an original of that and certify that the copy is the actual copy of the original as seen by them.
____________________________________

2

All India services, though posted to states; promotees from states to the cadre of Assistant Commissioner and above and to the cadre of All India services ; Police officers of Circle Inspector and above; Additional District Civil surgeons, Executive Engineers and above, District Medical Officer and above, Indian Defence Tri-Services Lt(Indian Army) and equivalent,Indian Army Subedar and Subedar major(but not their equivalent in other services),Principals of Government colleges and above, Readers and above of Universities, etc.
Nationalised bank officials are not gazetted officers but protocol ranks exist.
Among the powers and responsibilities of a Gazetted Officer, are the certifications and authentification of photo copies etc. That's why we go to them for attesting our copies where they actually have to see an original of that and certify that the copy is the actual copy of the original as seen by them.
____________________________________________________________

3

In India, Gazette is published on regular bases, it is a official Central Government Publication(nicked name Gazette). It publishes the promotions of of certain government official.

If a person's name is published in the Gazette, he/she is called Gazetted, in most cases they are honorary Justice of peace and have same standing as some of the Magistrates. This is why their signatures on certain document are recognised. 


Arm forces of India have two category, Senior commissioned officers and Junior Commissioned officer.
 

I believe at one time both were published in the Gazette.
 

Senior commissioned officers have/had same standing as civilian gazetted officers. They are in the Gazette also.
 

Only Government officials are in the Gazette.
 

Principals are not in the Gazette in most part. Exception are the school or colleges run by the Government of India. I do not know of any at this time.
 

Principals are included by admitting colleges, to ease the burden of proof, to the students.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4

Gazette means news paper that owned and published by the Govt. Of.India. Gazetted officer means the name of the Post that are published in the news paper is known as Gazetted officer.

_________________________________________________________


5

A gazetted officer is that person, who is authenticated or 
recognised of their service by state govt or central govt 
like: Doctor, Police officer, IAS, OAS, Collector, Head 
Master of school, Principal of collecge, Lecture or 

professor of College or University, MP, MLA, DSWO, 
Scientist service for govt., Research person of Govt. Else 
than no one can not issue this or issue is not valid in any 
_______________________________________


6

who,s name published in gazette list of state and central 
government employes and registered doctors, public 

_______________________________________________________
7

MEO,MDO,govt. Doctors,High school HM.....

___________________________________________________

8

servervents MLA,MP,Police Inspectors.
purpose.


8


First of all a gazetted officer must be a government official.

In India, a official Central Government Publication named Gazette publishes the promotions of certain government official. Those officers whose name appears in Gazette are termed as Gazetted Officers.

Indian Govt has employees classified as class 1 to class 4. All class 1 employees are Gazetted officers.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

9


An officer who is appointed under the seal of the governor at the state level & the President under the national level, & whose appointed requires to be and is notified in the Indian Gazzette or the state governmenmt gazzette is termed as a gazzetted officer.
 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
10

All A,B, C officers in India Government service and in State government service also any officer scale 1 and above in Union Government owned banks who's name is notified in the Gazette extraordinaire by the respective governments is termed as gazetted officers.

In police : officers from Inspector and above but for Passport related issues SP and above, DC IT etc.

In Army: Lieutenant and above commissioned officers in Triservices.


=============================================================

11

Class 1 employee examples are:

All India services, though posted to states; promotees from states to the cadre of Assistant Commissioner and above and to the cadre of All India services ; Police officers of Circle Inspector and above; Additional District Civil surgeons, Executive Engineers and above, District Medical Officer and above, Lt.Col. and above, Principals of Government colleges and above, Readers and above of Universities, etc.

So, these officers can attest a photo, xerox of certificates etc.

Apart from them a Public Notary, Magistrate can attest also.

BANNED ORGANISATIONS


LIST OF ORGANISATIONS DECLARED AS TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS UNDER THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 1967 Source http://www.mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?Id_Pk=292
 
S.No.                  Organisation
1.United Liberation Front of Assam ( ULFA )
2.National Democratic Front of Bodoland ( NDFB ) in Assam
3.People’s Liberation Army ( PLA )
4.United National Liberation Front ( UNLF )
5.People’s Revolutionary party of Kangleipak ( PREPAK )
6.Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)
7.Kanglei Yaol Kanba Lup ( KYKL )
8.Manipur People’s Liberation Front ( MPLF )
9.Revolutionary People’s Front (RPF ) in Manipur
10.All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF)
11.National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT ) in Tripura
12.Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC)
13.Achik National Volunteer Council ( ANVC ) in Meghalaya
14.Babbar Khalsa International
15.Khalistan Commando Force
16.International Sikh Youth Federation
17.Lashkar-E-Taiba/Pasban-E-Ahle Hadis
18.Jaish-E-Mohammed/Tahrik-E-Furqan.
19.Harkat-Ul-Mujahideen/Harkar-Ul-Ansar/Karkat-Ul-Jehad-E-Islami
20.Hizb-Ul-Mujahideen/Hizb-Ul-Mujahideen Pir Panjal Regiment
21.Al-Umar-Mujahideen
22.Jammu And Kashmir Islamic Front
23.Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
24Students Islamic Movement Of India
25.Deendar Anjuman
26.Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)-People’s War,
All Its Formations And Front Organisations
27.Maoist Communist Centre (MCC), All Its Formations And Front Organisations
28.Al Badr
29Jamiat-Ul-Mujahidde
30.Al-Qaida
31.Dukhtaran-E-Millat (DEM)
32.Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA)
33.Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT)
34.Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES)

FLAG CODE OF INDIA

                               FLAG CODE OF  INDIA
            The Indian National Flag represents the hopes and aspirations of the people of India. It is the
symbol of our national pride. Over the last five decades, several people including members of armed
forces have ungrudgingly laid down their lives to keep the tricolour flying in its full glory.   
  
            The significance of the colours and the chakra in the National Flag was amply described by
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan in the Constituent Assembly which unanimously adopted the National Flag.  
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan explained—“Bhagwa or the saffron colour denotes renunciation of
disinterestedness.  Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their
work.  The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct.  The green shows our
relation to soil, our relation to the plant life here on which all other life depends.  The Ashoka Wheel 
in the center of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma.  Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to 
be the controlling principles of those who work under this flag.  Again, the wheel denotes motion.  
There is death in stagnation.  There is life in movement.  India should no more resist change, it must
move and go forward.   The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change.”
  
            There is universal affection and  respect for, and loyalty to, the National Flag. Yet, a
perceptible lack of awareness is often noticed, not only amongst people but also in the
organisations/agencies of the government, in regard to laws, practices and conventions that apply to
the display of the National Flag. Apart from non-statutory instructions issued by the Government
from time to time, display of the National Flag is governed by the provisions of the Emblems and
Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No.12 of 1950) and the Prevention of Insults to
National Honour Act, 1971 (No. 69 of 1971). Flag Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to bring together
all such laws, conventions, practices and instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned. 
  
            For the sake of convenience, Flag Code of India, 2002, has been divided into three parts. Part I
of the Code contains general description of the National Flag. Part II of the Code is devoted to the
display of the National Flag by members of public, private organizations, educational institutions, etc.
Part III of the Code relates to display of the National Flag by Central and State governments and their
organisations and agencies. 
   READ in Detail http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/flagcodeofindia.pdf

Monday, 20 September 2010

Jahnavi Sanskrit E-Journal's (ISSN 0976 – 8645) 4th issue

 
Dear Sir/Madam,
Sarasvat-Niketanam is going to publish Jahnavi Sanskrit E-Journal’s (ISSN 0976 – 8645) 4th issue. All kinds of articles, purely academic, scholarly, entertaining, light, those related to our day to day life, jokes, new compositions etc. either in Sanskrit or related to Sanskrit (and written in Hindi or English) are welcome for publication. Please visit for detail http://jahnavisanskritejournal.com/ifa.html
About Sarasvat-Niketanam-
Passing through the transition time phase our India needs that the vacuum between our traditional root value, heritage and modern young generation must be covered. Sarsvat-Niketanam (Home of Sanskrit and Sanskriti lovers) is oriented to connect our new generation with this divine language (Sanskrit) which is the base of our root, identity & originality. To change public negative mindset towards of Sanskrit and to provide platform to creative thought and analysis related with Sanskrit on Internet are our main priorities. For successful journey this mission expects a support of Sanskrit and Sanskriti lovers like you.
Jahnavi Sanskrit E- Journal-
We, the children of great Indian culture, having dream to gap the bridge between modern young generation and root of great India, connect the world with Divine language Sanskrit and to get our own Indian identity and originality, to provide platform for creativity related to Sanskrit, have started Jahnavi Sanskrit E-Journal as Sarasvat-Niketana’s new
portal. Visit please jahnavisanskritejournal.com

Monday, 26 July 2010

36 Tattva of Kashmir Shaivism



1. Shiva Tattva
2. Shakti Tattva
3. Sadashiva Tattva (also known as Iccha tattva)
4. Isvara Tattva (also known as jnana Tattva)
5. Sadvidya (also known as Shuddvidya or kriya) Tattva
6. Maya Tattva
7. Kala Tattva(limitation of activity, authorship)
8. Avidya (ashudh) Tattva (limitation of knowledge)
9. Raga Tattva (limitation of interest)
10. Niyati Tattva (restriction)
11. Akala  (or Kaala) Tattva (Time sequence limitation)
12. Parusha Tattva
13. Prakriti (or mul prakriti) Tattva
14. Buddhi (intellect)– Faculty of judgement
15. Manas – Faculty of Imagination
16. Ahamkara – Personal ego
17. Sravanendreya (Hearing)
18. Supershanendreya (Feeling by touch)
19. Darshanendreya (Seeing)
20. Resanendreya (Taste)
21. Ghranendreya (Smell)
22. Vagendreya (Voice or expression)
23. Hastendreya (Handling)
24. Padendreya (Locomotion)
25. Payvendreya (Rejecting, Discharging)
26. Upasthendreya (Resting or recreating)
27. Shabdatanmra (sound)
28. Sparshatanmra (Feel)
29. Rupatanmra (Color)
30. Rasatanmra (Flavor)
31. Ghandhatanmra (Odour)
32. Akasha (ether)
33. Vayu (Air)
34. Agni (Fire)
35. Apas (Water)
36. Pritvi (Earth)

The twenty-five tattvas of Sankhya Philosophy



त्रिगुणसाम्यावस्था प्रकृतिः। Nature (prakriti) is the state of equipoise of sattva, rajas and tamas. 

From Nature [proceeds] Mind (mahat); from Mind, Self-consciousness (ahamkara); from Self-consciousness, the five Subtle Elements (tanmatra), and both sets [external and internal] of Organs (indriya); and, from the Subtle Elements, the Gross Elements (sthula-bhuta). [Then there is] Soul (purusha). Such is the class of twenty-five.  Sankhya Karika 

25. Purusha – the sentient being (consciousness), the experiencer

24. Prakriti – primal nature (root of all insentient matter)

Antahkaranas – internal organs
23. Mahat-Buddhi – intelligence
22. Ahamkara – objective ego 
21. Manas – mind

Jnanendriyas – organs of knowledge
20. Stotra – organ of hearing (ears)
19. Tvak – organ of touching (skin)
18. Chakshu – organ of seeing (eyes)
17. Rasana – organ of tasting (palette)
16. Ghrana – organ of smelling (nose)

Karmendriyas – organs of action
15. Vak – organ of speech (tongue)
14. Pani – organ of grasping (hands)
13. Pada – organ of movement (feet)
12. Payu – organ of excretion (anus)
11. Upastha – organ of sex

Tanmatras – subtle elements
10. Shabda – sound
9. Sparsha – feel
8. Rupa – form
7. Rasa – taste
6. Gandha - smell

Mahabhutas – gross elements
5. Akasha – space
4. Vayu – air
3. Tejas – fire
2. Ap – water
1. Prithivi - earth

Abstracts

Research Papers

ABSTRACTS

****************************************************
अम्बिकानाथ झा जन्मशती समारोह निमित्त इलाहाबाद में प्रकाश्यमान ग्रन्थ सहस्रधारा हेतु ।****************************************************
हे हृदयेश्वरी : एक कटाक्षालोचन

यौवनोन्माद की बात छोड भी दें तो भी धीर- गभीर जनों से अपनी प्रियतमा के लिये ’हृदयेश्वरी’ पद सम्बोधन सुनकर यकायक ऐसा लगता था कि हो न हो यह उरोभागस्थ  रक्ताभिसरणकार्य करने वाले शरीरावयवविशेषमात्र नही हो सकता। बस यही चिन्तन शोधपत्र के रूप में प्रस्तुत हो सका।

शोधपत्र में हृदय की उक्त अवधारणा के अतिरिक्त मस्तिष्क (चित्त) के रूप में हृदय को प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इसके साथ ही वेद , उपनिषद, दर्शन, चरकसंहिता महाभारत गत वचनों को उद्धृत किया गया है। अन्त में ’ईश्वरी’ पद की चर्चा मनोविज्ञान के धरातल पर किया गया है।

निष्कर्षतः यह लेख हृदय के पारम्परिक अर्थ को तिरस्कृत कर चित्त रूप स्थापित करता है, और प्रियतमा (पत्नी आदि) को नेतृरूप प्रदान करता है।
अन्त में संदर्भ सूची दी गयी है जो मूल तथ्य तक पहुंचने मे अध्येताओं की मदद करेगी।
आयुर्विज्ञान एवं मनोविज्ञान का गहन अध्ययन न होने के कारण स्खलन स्वाभाविक है, जिसे सुधी जन क्षमा करेंगे एवं त्रुटियों से अवगत कराने का प्रयास करेंगे।
  • Abstract का हिन्दी अनुवाद यहाँ प्रस्तुत है।
  • अम्बिकानाथ झा जन्मशती समारोह निमित्त इलाहाबाद में प्रकाश्यमान ग्रन्थ सहस्रधारा हेतु लिखित।
  • भाषा- मैथिली

             
****************************************************
Accepted for presentation in
WAVES 2010 - Eighth International Conference
August 04 - 07, 2010 at University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago

****************************************************

Pratyabhijyā Darśana and it’s Relevance



The world of knowledge is meaningless if Indian knowledge tradition is not appearing on the face. If we discuss about the Indian knowledge tradition, it would be beyond justice to escape The Kāśmir Śaiva Philosophy, which expresses the practical face of epistemology. During the period of Mādhavāchārya, a great Indian philosopher and writer, it was in practice but ignorance started at time elapsed. Its importance revived, in the present era when Indian Knowledge was recognized every where in the world. The origin of Kāśmir Śaiva Philosophy is derived from the Āgamika tradition. This tradition was greatly supported by Abhinava Gupta and many Indian Philosophers.
The fundamental element of Kāśmir Śaivism is param Śiva, who is situated along the triangle of knower, knowable object and knowledge. The parama Śiva is the route of the living and non-living things that is controlled by his own wish, which is supreme power. Thus Param Śiva  is reflected all around the world by his own wish and ultimate power. This concept accepts a total of 36 elements,   Param Śiva being at the ultimate one, as the. The concept of observer in Śaiva philosophy is seven layered, in which we parm Śiva at the top, and living and non living creature at the bottom and The Param Śiva is at the Peak. The logic behind this concept is based on the concept of ‘Mal’.
This research paper is being presented to analyze the concept of observer in Kāśmir Śaiva Philosophy and to clarify the concept of layer and ‘Mal’.


*********************************************
Accepted for presentation in
18th International Congress of Vedanta
University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, USA,
& also
Accepted for presentation in
2009 International Conference on Social Science and Humanities
Singapore,
*********************************************


A critical review on the indefinable power ‘Māyā’

   Eastern scholars so far had talked a lot on various aspects of life as well as invisible world, in the guise of theology and philosophy. Indian intellectual tradition has also a lot of contributions and contains several qualities e.g. it always wants to adjust between Loka and sāśtra. Loka (society) gives guidance to sāśtra. sāśtra would never be opposite to Loka. The other quality of this tradition is to think about the society as a whole, not as a particular person.
In this thought system, darśana is a guideline to get the supreme goal of human being and it gives the valuable reason to search that how this cosmos has been created. Mādhavāchārya showed sixteen paths in Indian philosophical system, in which pratyabhigyā darśana was also an important path in the philosophical systems. This darśana was ignored later on. But during 19th century, it grew like a river. At present it is well respected path in Indian philosophical systems. In this system cosmological concepts never try to interfere about no dualism but in Advaita Vedānta, a cosmological concept Māyā always tries to destroy the whole non dualism.
Here in this research paper endeavors have been made to focus on the the acceptability of the indefinable power ‘Māyā’, which has been accepted by Jagadguru Śaňkarācārya, with respect to Viśişţādvaita as well as Kāśmīra şaiva philosophical system. Stress has been laid mainly on the perspective whether the indefinable power ‘Māyā’ is acceptable or not? 




***********************************************
Accepted for presentation in
  XXXIII INDIAN SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS
March 10-14, 2009, B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad) FOCAL THEME our planet in crisis , 
                                  
                        
***********************************************

(Abstract is attached here)




***************************************************************
Accepted for presentation in
VishvadrishTiH
International Sanskrit Conference
18-20 July, 2009
Jaipur

***************************************************************
Is kal a relative or absolute entity?
 (With reference to classical and modern thought systems.)"

Here in this research paper  titled "Is kal a relative or absolute entity? (With reference to classical and modern thought systems.)" endeavors have been made to focus on the concept of Time with respect to eastern  and western philosophical systems as well as modern science. Stress has been laid mainly on perspective whether time is an absolute or relative entity?






  ***************************************************************
Accepted for presentation in
84th Indian Philosophical congress
University of Mumbai
Oct 24-27, 2009

***************************************************************

Meaning : An Introduction
(In the perspective of Sanskrit vyakaran Darshan)

This research paper focuses on the concept of meaning  drawn on Sanskrit Philosophy of Grammar and an effort is made to find answers to some important questions  such as what is the meaning 'the  of meaning'? What is the form of meaning? and principle of meaning? What does it mean to know the meaning?


***************************************************************
Accepted for presentation in
WORLD VED-CONFERENCE
20,21,22 November 2009
Gurukula kangri University, Haridvar, UK , India 249404

******************************************************************
राष्ट्रप्रेम्णः वैदिक दृष्िः
(Abstract is attached here
)


******************************************************************


ALL INDIA ORIENTAL CONFERENCE
Tirupati Sanskrit Vidyapith, Tirupati, A.P.
******************************************************************
Discovery of Myself
(In the light of Aupanişadika tradition)
The route of Indian Philosophical system rests in Aupannishadika thoughts, that are why Upanishads are said to be the bed rocks of Indian Philosophical domain. The main theme of almost all the Upanishads are Ātman. It is described in Kenopanisad as almighty[1]. The essential nature of the Ātman is  Jñātā and Kartā[2].
The term ‘Upanishads’ literally means उप + नि +सद् ("to sit around"). The Aachary (Teacher) reveals the ‘knowledge of Ātmanto them. Hence we can say that, the word was first introduced in order to refer to secret formula which contained the essence of the teaching of the Guru. But gradually in due course of time, it came to refer to the entire aupanishadika texts and conveys more and more mysterious knowledge.
Our Aupanisadika Aacharya (as the philosopher from the earliest times) tried to investigate the answer of a very crucial question i.e. ‘what is the ultimate reality?’ Who am I? From where I came? etc. and tried to find answers according to the logic and existing situations of the society.  As it is already mentioned that there are several concepts which are described in Upanishad. But in this paper it is highlighted on the fundamental issue of the Upanishads viz., the nature of Atman. The Upanishads reveals the nature of the Atman or the individual self along with the interpretation of the Supreme Soul[3].
As it described earlier ātman can be known as jeevātman as well as param ātman . both are not different. It is the knower. If we look at the life of the human beings, we find that the whole life itself is a process of knowing. It starts with a subject who knows. The jivātman  or the Knower that which is conscious of pleasure and pain, the conscious of time and space and disturbances of all sorts is itself is untouched by all these changes[4]. Here in this paper It is presented the essential nature of the self well known as Ātman.


[1] श्रोत्रस्य श्रोत्रं मनो यद्वाचो… केनोपनिषद २
[2] आत्मनः एष प्राणो जायते…। प्रश्नोपनिषद् ३/३
[3] अनेजदेकं मनसो जवीयो..। ईशोपनिषद ४
[4] एतैरेषपृथग्भावो….। माण्डूक्योपनिषद् ३०

Oriental Studies

Oriental Studies

ORIENTAL AND IDEOLOGICAL INSTITUTES IN INDIA